An Integrated k-Means Clustering and Bi-Objective Optimization Approach for External Trucks Scheduling in Container Terminals

This paper introduces an approach for optimal scheduling of external trucks in container terminals. The proposed integrates the k-means clustering algorithm with a bi-objective optimization model. matches export and import containers into tuples, reducing number empty trips. model objectives are: minimizing deviation from trucking companies’ preferred arrival times total truck turnaround times, while considering several essential aspects, such as yard resources capacity, congestion level, preferences. results depict that reduces required trips by 31.58% provides decision-makers tradeoff between time pickup window.